hiring-test-one/README.md

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***Requires node v4.0.0 or higher. Install the [previous release](https://github.com/75lb/local-web-server/tree/prev) for older node support.***

# local-web-server
A simple web-server for productive front-end development. Typical use cases:

* Front-end Development
  * Static or Single Page App development
  * Re-route paths to local or remote resources
  * Efficient, predictable, entity-tag-powered conditional request handling (no need to 'Disable Cache' in DevTools, slowing page-load down)
  * Bundle with your front-end project
  * Very little configuration, just a few options
  * Outputs a dynamic statistics view to the terminal
  * Configurable log output, compatible with [Goaccess, Logstalgia and glTail](https://github.com/75lb/local-web-server/blob/master/doc/visualisation.md)
* Back-end service mocking
  * Prototype a web service, microservice, REST API etc.
  * Mocks are defined with config (static), or code (dynamic).
  * CORS-friendly, all origins allowed by default.
* Proxy server
  * Map local routes to remote servers. Removes CORS pain when consuming remote services.
* HTTPS server
  * HTTPS is strictly required by some modern techs (ServiceWorker, Media Capture and Streams etc.)
* File sharing

## Synopsis
local-web-server is a simple command-line tool. To use it, from your project directory run `ws`.

<pre><code>$ ws --help

<strong>local-web-server</strong>

  A simple web-server for productive front-end development.

<strong>Synopsis</strong>

  $ ws [&lt;server options&gt;]
  $ ws --config
  $ ws --help

<strong>Server</strong>

  -p, --port number              Web server port.
  -d, --directory path           Root directory, defaults to the current directory.
  -f, --log-format string        If a format is supplied an access log is written to stdout. If
                                 not, a dynamic statistics view is displayed. Use a preset ('none',
                                 'dev','combined', 'short', 'tiny' or 'logstalgia') or supply a
                                 custom format (e.g. ':method -> :url').
  -r, --rewrite expression ...   A list of URL rewrite rules. For each rule, separate the 'from'
                                 and 'to' routes with '->'. Whitespace surrounded the routes is
                                 ignored. E.g. '/from -> /to'.
  -s, --spa file                 Path to a Single Page App, e.g. app.html.
  -c, --compress                 Serve gzip-compressed resources, where applicable.
  -b, --forbid path ...          A list of forbidden routes.
  -n, --no-cache                 Disable etag-based caching -forces loading from disk each request.
  --key file                     SSL key. Supply along with --cert to launch a https server.
  --cert file                    SSL cert. Supply along with --key to launch a https server.
  --https                        Enable HTTPS using a built-in key and cert, registered to the
                                 domain 127.0.0.1.
  --verbose                      Verbose output, useful for debugging.

<strong>Misc</strong>

  -h, --help    Print these usage instructions.
  --config      Print the stored config.

  Project home: https://github.com/75lb/local-web-server
</code></pre>

## Examples

For the examples below, we assume we're in a project directory looking like this:

```sh
.
├── css
│   └── style.css
├── index.html
└── package.json
```

**All paths/routes are specified using [express syntax](http://expressjs.com/guide/routing.html#route-paths)**. To run the example projects linked below, clone the project, move into the example directory specified, run `ws`.

### Static site

Fire up your static site on the default port:
```sh
$ ws
serving at http://localhost:8000
```

[Example](https://github.com/75lb/local-web-server/tree/master/example/simple).

### Single Page Application

You're building a web app with client-side routing, so mark `index.html` as the SPA.
```sh
$ ws --spa index.html
```

By default, typical SPA paths (e.g. `/user/1`, `/login`) would return `404 Not Found` as a file does not exist with that path. By marking `index.html` as the SPA you create this rule:

*If a static file at the requested path exists (e.g. `/css/style.css`) then serve it, if it does not (e.g. `/login`) then serve the specified SPA and handle the route client-side.*

[Example](https://github.com/75lb/local-web-server/tree/master/example/spa).

### URL rewriting

Your application requested `/css/style.css` but it's stored at `/build/css/style.css`. To avoid a 404 you need a rewrite rule:

```sh
$ ws --rewrite '/css/style.css -> /build/css/style.css'
```

Or, more generally (matching any stylesheet under `/css`):

```sh
$ ws --rewrite '/css/:stylesheet -> /build/css/:stylesheet'
```

With a deep CSS directory structure it may be easier to mount the entire contents of `/build/css` to the `/css` path:

```sh
$ ws --rewrite '/css/* -> /build/css/$1'
```

this rewrites `/css/a` as `/build/css/a`, `/css/a/b/c` as `/build/css/a/b/c` etc.

#### Proxied requests

If the `to` URL contains a remote host, local-web-server will act as a proxy - fetching and responding with the remote resource.

Mount the npm registry locally:
```sh
$ ws --rewrite '/npm/* -> http://registry.npmjs.org/$1'
```

Map local requests for repo data to the Github API:
```sh
$ ws --rewrite '/:user/repos/:name -> https://api.github.com/repos/:user/:name'
```

[Example](https://github.com/75lb/local-web-server/tree/master/example/rewrite).

### Mock Responses

Mocks give you full control over the response headers and body returned to the client. They can be used to return anything from a simple html string to a resourceful REST API. Typically, they're used to mock services but can be used for anything.

In the config, define an array called `mocks`. Each mock definition maps a <code>[route](http://expressjs.com/guide/routing.html#route-paths)</code> to a `response`. A simple home page:
```json
{
  "mocks": [
    {
      "route": "/",
      "response": {
        "body": "<h1>Welcome to the Mock Responses example</h1>"
      }
    }
  ]
}
```

Under the hood, the property values from the `response` object are written onto the underlying [koa response object](https://github.com/koajs/koa/blob/master/docs/api/response.md). You can set any valid koa response properies, for example [type](https://github.com/koajs/koa/blob/master/docs/api/response.md#responsetype-1):
```json
{
  "mocks": [
    {
      "route": "/",
      "response": {
        "type": "text/plain",
        "body": "<h1>Welcome to the Mock Responses example</h1>"
      }
    }
  ]
}
```

#### Conditional Response

To define a conditional response, set a `request` object on the mock definition. The `request` value acts as a query - the response defined will only be returned if each property of the `request` query matches. For example, return an XML response *only* if the request headers include `accept: application/xml`, else return 404 Not Found.

```json
{
  "mocks": [
    {
      "route": "/two",
      "request": { "accepts": "xml" },
      "response": {
        "body": "<result id='2' name='whatever' />"
      }
    }
  ]
}
```

#### Multiple Potential Responses

To specify multiple potential responses, set an array of mock definitions to the `responses` property. The first response with a matching request query will be sent. In this example, the client will get one of two responses depending on the request method:

```json
{
  "mocks": [
    {
      "route": "/three",
      "responses": [
        {
          "request": { "method": "GET" },
          "response": {
            "body": "<h1>Mock response for 'GET' request on /three</h1>"
          }
        },
        {
          "request": { "method": "POST" },
          "response": {
            "status": 400,
            "body": { "message": "That method is not allowed." }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}
```

#### Dynamic Response

The examples above all returned static data. To define a dynamic response, create a mock module. Specify its path in the `module` property:
```json
{
  "mocks": [
    {
      "route": "/four",
      "module": "/mocks/stream-self.js"
    }
  ]
}
```

Here's what the `stream-self` module looks like. The module should export a mock definition (an object, or array of objects, each with a `response` and optional `request`). In this example, the module simply streams itself to the response but you could set `body` to *any* [valid value](https://github.com/koajs/koa/blob/master/docs/api/response.md#responsebody-1).
```js
const fs = require('fs')

module.exports = {
  response: {
    body: fs.createReadStream(__filename)
  }
}
```

#### Response function

For more power, define the response as a function. It will receive the [koa context](https://github.com/koajs/koa/blob/master/docs/api/context.md) as its first argument. Now you have full programmatic control over the response returned.
```js
module.exports = {
  response: function (ctx) {
    ctx.body = '<h1>I can do anything i want.</h1>'
  }
}
```

If the route contains tokens, their values are passed to the response. For example, with this mock...
```json
{
  "mocks": [
    {
      "route": "/players/:id",
      "module": "/mocks/players.js"
    }
  ]
}
```

...the `id` value is passed to the `response` function. For example, a path of `/players/10?name=Lionel` would pass `10` to the response function. Additional, the value `Lionel` would be available on `ctx.query.name`:
```js
module.exports = {
  response: function (ctx, id) {
    ctx.body = `<h1>id: ${id}, name: ${ctx.query.name}</h1>`
  }
}
```

#### RESTful Resource example

Here's an example of a REST collection (users). We'll create two routes, one for actions on the resource collection, one for individual resource actions.

```json
{
  "mocks": [
    { "route": "/users", "module": "/mocks/users.js" },
    { "route": "/users/:id", "module": "/mocks/user.js" }
  ]
}
```

Define a module (`users.json`) defining seed data:

```json
[
  { "id": 1, "name": "Lloyd", "age": 40, "nationality": "English" },
  { "id": 2, "name": "Mona", "age": 34, "nationality": "Palestinian" },
  { "id": 3, "name": "Francesco", "age": 24, "nationality": "Italian" }
]
```

The collection module:

```js
const users = require('./users.json')

/* responses for /users */
const mockResponses = [
  /* Respond with 400 Bad Request for PUT and DELETE - inappropriate on a collection */
  { request: { method: 'PUT' }, response: { status: 400 } },
  { request: { method: 'DELETE' }, response: { status: 400 } },
  {
    /* for GET requests return a subset of data, optionally filtered on 'minAge' and 'nationality' */
    request: { method: 'GET' },
    response: function (ctx) {
      ctx.body = users.filter(user => {
        const meetsMinAge = (user.age || 1000) >= (Number(ctx.query.minAge) || 0)
        const requiredNationality = user.nationality === (ctx.query.nationality || user.nationality)
        return meetsMinAge && requiredNationality
      })
    }
  },
  {
    /* for POST requests, create a new user and return the path to the new resource */
    request: { method: 'POST' },
    response: function (ctx) {
      const newUser = ctx.request.body
      users.push(newUser)
      newUser.id = users.length
      ctx.status = 201
      ctx.response.set('Location', `/users/${newUser.id}`)
    }
  }
]

module.exports = mockResponses
```

The individual resource module:

```js
const users = require('./users.json')

/* responses for /users/:id */
const mockResponses = [
  /* don't support POST here */
  { request: { method: 'POST' }, response: { status: 400 } },

  /* for GET requests, return a particular user */
  {
    request: { method: 'GET' },
    response: function (ctx, id) {
      ctx.body = users.find(user => user.id === Number(id))
    }
  },

  /* for PUT requests, update the record */
  {
    request: { method: 'PUT' },
    response: function (ctx, id) {
      const updatedUser = ctx.request.body
      const existingUserIndex = users.findIndex(user => user.id === Number(id))
      users.splice(existingUserIndex, 1, updatedUser)
      ctx.status = 200
    }
  },

  /* DELETE request: remove the record */
  {
    request: { method: 'DELETE' },
    response: function (ctx, id) {
      const existingUserIndex = users.findIndex(user => user.id === Number(id))
      users.splice(existingUserIndex, 1)
      ctx.status = 200
    }
  }
]

module.exports = mockResponses
```

[Example](https://github.com/75lb/local-web-server/tree/master/example/mock).

### HTTPS Server

Some modern techs (ServiceWorker, any `MediaDevices.getUserMedia()` request etc.) *must* be served from a secure origin (HTTPS). To launch an HTTPS server, supply a `--key` and `--cert` to local-web-server, for example:

```
$ ws --key localhost.key --cert localhost.crt
```

If you don't have a key and certificate it's trivial to create them. You do not need third-party verification (Verisign etc.) for development purposes. To get the green padlock in the browser, the certificate..

* must have a `Common Name` value matching the FQDN of the server
* must be verified by a Certificate Authority (but we can overrule this - see below)

First create a certificate:

1. Install openssl.

  `$ brew install openssl`

2. Generate a RSA private key.

  `$ openssl genrsa -des3 -passout pass:x -out ws.pass.key 2048`

3. Create RSA key.

  ```
  $ openssl rsa -passin pass:x -in ws.pass.key -out ws.key
  ```

4. Create certificate request. The command below will ask a series of questions about the certificate owner. The most imporant answer to give is for `Common Name`, you can accept the default values for the others.  **Important**: you **must** input your server's correct FQDN (`dev-server.local`, `laptop.home` etc.) into the `Common Name` field. The cert is only valid for the domain specified here. You can find out your computers host name by running the command `hostname`. For example, mine is `mba3.home`.

  `$ openssl req -new -key ws.key -out ws.csr`

5. Generate self-signed certificate.

  `$ openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in ws.csr -signkey ws.key -out ws.crt`

6. Clean up files we're finished with

  `$ rm ws.pass.key ws.csr`

7. Launch HTTPS server. In iTerm, control-click the first URL (with the hostname matching `Common Name`) to launch your browser.

  ```
  $ ws --key ws.key --cert ws.crt
  serving at https://mba3.home:8010, https://127.0.0.1:8010, https://192.168.1.203:8010
  ```

Chrome and Firefox will still complain your certificate has not been verified by a Certificate Authority. Firefox will offer you an `Add an exception` option, allowing you to ignore the warning and manually mark the certificate as trusted. In Chrome on Mac, you can manually trust the certificate another way:

1. Open Keychain
2. Click File -> Import. Select the `.crt` file you created.
3. In the `Certificates` category, double-click the cert you imported.
4. In the `trust` section, underneath `when using this certificate`, select `Always Trust`.

Now you have a valid, trusted certificate for development.

#### Built-in certificate
As a quick win, you can run `ws` with the `https` flag. This will launch an HTTPS server using a [built-in certificate](https://github.com/75lb/local-web-server/tree/master/ssl) registered to the domain 127.0.0.1.

### Stored config

Use the same options every time? Persist then to `package.json`:
```json
{
  "name": "example",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "local-web-server": {
    "port": 8100,
    "forbid": "*.json"
  }
}
```

or `.local-web-server.json`
```json
{
  "port": 8100,
  "forbid": "*.json"
}
```

local-web-server will merge and use all config found, searching from the current directory upward. In the case both `package.json` and `.local-web-server.json` config is found in the same directory, `.local-web-server.json` will take precedence. Options set on the command line take precedence over all.

To inspect stored config, run:
```sh
$ ws --config
```

### Logging
By default, local-web-server outputs a simple, dynamic statistics view. To see traditional web server logs, use `--log-format`:

```sh
$ ws --log-format combined
serving at http://localhost:8000
::1 - - [16/Nov/2015:11:16:52 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 12290 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/48.0.2562.0 Safari/537.36"
```

The format value supplied is passed directly to [morgan](https://github.com/expressjs/morgan). The exception is `--log-format none` which disables all output.

### Access Control

By default, access to all files is allowed (including dot files). Use `--forbid` to establish a blacklist:
```sh
$ ws --forbid '*.json' '*.yml'
serving at http://localhost:8000
```

[Example](https://github.com/75lb/local-web-server/tree/master/example/forbid).

### Other usage

#### Debugging

Prints information about loaded middleware, arguments, remote proxy fetches etc.
```sh
$ ws --verbose
```

#### Compression

Serve gzip-compressed resources, where applicable
```sh
$ ws --compress
```

#### Disable caching

Disable etag response headers, forcing resources to be served in full every time.
```sh
$ ws --no-cache
```

#### mime-types
You can set additional mime-type/extension mappings, or override the defaults by setting a `mime` value in the stored config. This value is passed directly to [mime.define()](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime#mimedefine). Example:

```json
{
  "mime": {
    "text/plain": [ "php", "pl" ]
  }
}
```

[Example](https://github.com/75lb/local-web-server/tree/master/example/mime-override).

#### Log Visualisation
Instructions for how to visualise log output using goaccess, logstalgia or gltail [here](https://github.com/75lb/local-web-server/blob/master/doc/visualisation.md).

## Install
Ensure [node.js](http://nodejs.org) is installed first. Linux/Mac users may need to run the following commands with `sudo`.

```sh
$ npm install -g local-web-server
```

This will install the `ws` tool globally. To see the available options, run:
```sh
$ ws --help
```

## Distribute with your project
The standard convention with client-server applications is to add an `npm start` command to launch the server component.

1\. Install the server as a dev dependency

```sh
$ npm install local-web-server --save-dev
```

2\. Add a `start` command to your `package.json`:

```json
{
  "name": "example",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "local-web-server": {
    "port": 8100,
    "forbid": "*.json"
  },
  "scripts": {
    "start": "ws"
  }
}
```

3\. Document how to build and launch your site

```sh
$ npm install
$ npm start
serving at http://localhost:8100
```

## API Reference


* [local-web-server](#module_local-web-server)
    * [localWebServer([options])](#exp_module_local-web-server--localWebServer) ⇒ <code>[KoaApplication](https://github.com/koajs/koa/blob/master/docs/api/index.md#application)</code> ⏏
        * [~rewriteRule](#module_local-web-server--localWebServer..rewriteRule)

<a name="exp_module_local-web-server--localWebServer"></a>
### localWebServer([options]) ⇒ <code>[KoaApplication](https://github.com/koajs/koa/blob/master/docs/api/index.md#application)</code> ⏏
Returns a Koa application you can launch or mix into an existing app.

**Kind**: Exported function  
**Params**

- [options] <code>object</code> - options
    - [.static] <code>object</code> - koa-static config
        - [.root] <code>string</code> <code> = &quot;.&quot;</code> - root directory
        - [.options] <code>string</code> - [options](https://github.com/koajs/static#options)
    - [.serveIndex] <code>object</code> - koa-serve-index config
        - [.path] <code>string</code> <code> = &quot;.&quot;</code> - root directory
        - [.options] <code>string</code> - [options](https://github.com/expressjs/serve-index#options)
    - [.forbid] <code>Array.&lt;string&gt;</code> - A list of forbidden routes, each route being an [express route-path](http://expressjs.com/guide/routing.html#route-paths).
    - [.spa] <code>string</code> - specify an SPA file to catch requests for everything but static assets.
    - [.log] <code>object</code> - [morgan](https://github.com/expressjs/morgan) config
        - [.format] <code>string</code> - [log format](https://github.com/expressjs/morgan#predefined-formats)
        - [.options] <code>object</code> - [options](https://github.com/expressjs/morgan#options)
    - [.compress] <code>boolean</code> - Serve gzip-compressed resources, where applicable
    - [.mime] <code>object</code> - A list of mime-type overrides, passed directly to [mime.define()](https://github.com/broofa/node-mime#mimedefine)
    - [.rewrite] <code>[Array.&lt;rewriteRule&gt;](#module_local-web-server--localWebServer..rewriteRule)</code> - One or more rewrite rules
    - [.verbose] <code>boolean</code> - Print detailed output, useful for debugging

**Example**  
```js
const localWebServer = require('local-web-server')
localWebServer().listen(8000)
```
<a name="module_local-web-server--localWebServer..rewriteRule"></a>
#### localWebServer~rewriteRule
The `from` and `to` routes are specified using [express route-paths](http://expressjs.com/guide/routing.html#route-paths)

**Kind**: inner typedef of <code>[localWebServer](#exp_module_local-web-server--localWebServer)</code>  
**Properties**

| Name | Type | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| from | <code>string</code> | request route |
| to | <code>string</code> | target route |

**Example**  
```json
{
  "rewrite": [
    { "from": "/css/*", "to": "/build/styles/$1" },
    { "from": "/npm/*", "to": "http://registry.npmjs.org/$1" },
    { "from": "/:user/repos/:name", "to": "https://api.github.com/repos/:user/:name" }
  ]
}
```

* * *

&copy; 2013-16 Lloyd Brookes <75pound@gmail.com>. Documented by [jsdoc-to-markdown](https://github.com/jsdoc2md/jsdoc-to-markdown).